Epoxidized diketal or diacetal from {66 {hu 3{l -cyclohexene-1,1-dimethanol and 1,4-cyclohexanedione or terephthalaldehyde

ABSTRACT

Diepoxides manufactured by epoxidation of diacetals or diketals from Delta 3-cyclohexene-1,1-dimethanol or its homologues and dialdehydes or diketones which apart from the two aldehyde groups or keto groups only contain hydrocarbon radicals, for example the diepoxide of the formula The new diepoxides couple good mechanical properties with a significantly higher heat distortion point according to Martens than the known epoxidised diacetals of similar constitution, in which the acetal groups are interrupted by an alkyleneoxyalkylene chain instead of by an alkylene chain which is free of ether oxygen.

United States Patent [191 Batzer et al.

[451 Apr. 22, 1975 I EPOXlDlZED DlKETAL OR DlACETAL FROM A -CYCLOHEXENE-Ll- DIMETHANOL AND 1,4-CYCLO- HEXANEDIONE OR TEREPHTHAL- ALDEHYDE [75 inventors: Hans Batzer, Arlesheim; Juergen l-labermeier, Allschwil; Daniel Porret, Binningen. all of Switzerland Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Scr. No. ll3.7l7. Feb. 8. 197]. Pat. No.

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 13, i970 Switzerland 2136/70 [52] U.S. Cl. 260/3403 [51] int. Cl C07d 15/04 [58] Field of Search 260/340. 7

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,072,678 1/1963 Porrct ct al 260/3407 3.759.954 9/l973 Batzcr ct al ZOO/340.7

Prinurr E.\'aminerNorma S. Milestone Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Vincent J. Cavalieri [57] ABSTRACT Diepoxides manufactured by epoxidation of diacetals or diketals from A-cyclohexene-l.l-dimethanol or its homologues and dialdehydes or diketones which apart from the two aldehyde groups or keto groups only contain hydrocarbon radicals, for example the diepoxide of the formula CH 0 H Q CH The new diepoxides couple good mechanical properties with a significantly higher heat distortion point according to Martens than the known epoxidised diacetals of similar constitution, in which the acetal groups are interrupted by an alkylene-oxyalkylene chain instead of by an alkylene chain which is free of ether oxygen.

3 Claims, No Drawings 1 2 EPOXIDIZED DIKETAL OR DIACETAL FROM pecially a dimethylene radical or trimethylene radical,

A -CYCLOHEXENE-1,l-DIMETHANOL AND and Z denotes a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arali- 1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDIONE OR phatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, preferably an TEREPHTHALALDEHYDE alkylene radical, and n denotes the number 1 or 2. This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 113,717. 5 Particularly easily accessible compounds are the difiled on Feb. 8, l97l now US. Pat. No. 3,759,954. epoxides 0f the formula n i R" l l CH t ca .6 I 2 l I. A CH 0 c c c M0 ca'o E o air I P0 (n) 2. Z 2

RH! I RI" The subject of the present invention are new diepoxwherein R denotes a hydrogen atom or the methyl ides of the formula 2g group, and wherein R" and R" either each denote a R R R /R l\ 2 4 C CH O X X 0 H C R. 2 2 5 I CH 0 E 230 ca (I) R \l l/ 8 8 C C C C 4\/ 4 0 7 C 4 R' f R wherein R R R R R R R and R R R R hydrogen atom or together denote the methylene R R R R, and R denote monovalent substitugroup, X, and X, each denote a hydrogen atom or a ents, such as halogen atoms, alkoxy groups or aliphatic lower alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the radihydrocarbon radicals. preferably lower alkyl radicals 45 cals X and X, together denote the dimethylene radiwith l to 4 carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms, and cal or trimethylene radical, and Z, represents an alkylwherein R and R or R and R can together also deene radical with l to 10 carbon atoms or a phenylene note an alkylene radical, such as a methylene group, X radical, and n denotes the number 1 0r 2. and X each denote a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon 50 The new diepoxides of the formula (I) or (ll) can be radical, such as, especially, an alkyl radicalwith l to 4 manufactured if, in a compound of the formula R R R I I 1 (III) carbon atoms, or together form an alkylene radical, eswherein the radicals R R R, to R X, X. Z and n have the same meaning as in formula (I). or in a compound of the formula CH C C C 1 CH "O 3 2 Z- 2 en T R (JFI wherein the radicals R, R", R, X X Z and n have the same meaning as in the formula (ll), the C=C double bonds in the cyclohexene rings are epoxidised by treatment with epoxidising agents.

The epoxidation of the C=C double bond in the cyclohexene ring is carried out according to customary methods, preferably with the aid of organic per-acids, such as peracetic acid, perbenzoie acid, peradipic acid, monoperphthalic acid and the like; further, mixtures of H 0 and organic acids, such as formic acid, or nitriles, such as benzonitrile, or acid anhydrides, such as acetic anhydride or succinic anhydride, can be used. Hypochlorous acid can also serve as the epoxidising agent, in which case, in a first stage, HOCl is added onto the double bond, and, in a second stage, the epoxide group is produced under the influence of agents which split off HCl, for example strong alkalis.

The acetals or ketals of the formulae (III) or (N) can, again, be manufactured in a known manner by acetalisation or ketalisation of a dialdehyde or diketone of the formulae with a dialcohol of the formula CH OH 5\ 2 C C u l CH OH (VII) or of the formula- The acetalisation can take place according to methods which are in themselves known, such as, for example, by heating the aldehydes or ketone of the formulae (V) or (Vl) together with the dialcohol (VII) or (Vlll) in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as, for example, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid,

As dialdehydes of the formulae (V) or (VI) there may be mentioned: glyoxal, succinodialdehyde, glutarodialdehyde. adipodialdehyde, pimelodialdehyde. suberodialdehyde, sebacodialdehyde, ndodecane-l ,l2-dial. terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde.

As diketones of the formulae (V) or (VI) there may be mentioned: 1,2-diketones, such as biaeetyl, acetylpropionyl, bipropionyl, bibutyryl, biisobutyryl, benzyl, fury] and acetylbenzoyl; l,3-diketones such as acetylacetone, propionylacetone, butyrylacetone, valerylacetone, pivaloylacetone, '1-cyclohexyl-1,3-butanedione, 5,5-dimethyl-l .3-cyclohexanedione, l-phenyl-l ,3-

butanedione and l-phenyl-l.3-pentanedione; 1,4- diketones, such as 2,5-hexanedione, 2,5-octanedione, 2,5-decanedione, 2,5-dodecanedione, 3,6- dodecanedione, 2,5-octanedecandione and 1,4-

cyclohexanedione.

Further possible starting products of the formulae (V) or (Vl) are also ketoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal.

Possible dialcohols of the formulae (Vll) or (Vlll) are, for example: 1. 1 -bis-( hydroxymethyl The new diepoxides according to the invention, of the formulae (l) or (ll), react with customary curing agents for polyepoxide compounds and can therefore be crosslinked or cured by adding such curing agents, analogously to other polyfunctional epoxide compounds or epoxide resins. Possible curing agents of this nature are basic compounds or acidic compounds.

As suitable curing agents, there may for example be mentioned: heterocyclic amines, such as lmethylimidazole or Z-methylimidazole; Lewis acids, such as phosphorous pentafluoride, and boron trifluoride and its complexes with organic compounds, such as El -ether complexes and BF=,-amine complexes. for example the BF -monoethylamine complex; acetoacetanilide-BF -chelate; polybasic carboxylic acids, and in particular, above all, tetracarboxylic acids, such as pyromellitic acid or cstcrcarboxylic acids containing four carboxyl groups, for example the estercarboxylic acids obtained from 4 mols of a dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid anhydride, for example succinic acid or hexahydrophthalic anhydride and 1 mol of a tetrahydric alcohol. such as pentacrythritol, or the estercarboxylic acids obtained from 2 mols of a triearboxylic acid anhydride, such as trimellitic anhydride, and l mol ofa dihydric alcohol, such as triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol.

Preferred curing agents are the anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, for example phthalic anhydride, A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, 3,6- endomethylene-N-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl-3,6-endomethylene-A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride methylnadic anhydride), 3,4,5,6,7,7- hexachloro-3,6-endomethylene-N-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, adipic anhydride, azelaic anhydride, sebacic anhydride, maleic anhydride and dodecenylsuccinic anhydride; pyromellitic anhydride; or mixtures of such anhydrides.

ln curing the diepoxides according to the invention with anhydrides, it is appropriate to use 0.5 to 1.1 gram equivalents of anhydride groups per 1 gram equivalent of epoxide groups.

Optimum properties of the cured products are as a rule achieved on using approx. 1 equivalent of anhydride groups per equivalent of epoxide groups.

Curing accelerators can furthermore be employed in the curing reaction; when using polycarboxylic acid anhydrides as curing agents, suitable accelerators are, for example, tertiary amines, their salts or quaternary ammonium compounds, for example 2,4,6-tris- (dimethylaminomethyl)-phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2,-ethyl-4-methyl-imidazole, 4-aminopyridine or triamylammonium phenolate; and also alkali metal alcoholates, such as, for example, sodium hexanetriolate.

The term curing, as used here, denotes the conversion of the abovementioned diepoxides into insoluble and infusible, crosslinked products, and in particular, as a rule, with simultaneous shaping to give shaped articles, such as castings, pressings or laminates and the like, or to give sheet-like structures, such as coatings, coverings, lacquer films or adhesive bonds.

Depending on the choice of the curing agent, the curing can be effected at room temperature 18 to C) or at elevated temperature (for example 50 to 180C The curing can, if desired, also be carried out in 2 stages, by first prematurely stopping the curing reaction, or carrying out the first stage at only moderately elevated temperature, whereby a curable precondensate which is still fusible and soluble (a so-called B-stage) is obtained from the epoxide component and the curing agent component. Such a precondensate can for example serve for the manufacture of prepregs, compression moulding compositions or sintering powders.

The diepoxides according to the invention, of the formulae (l) or (ll), can also be used in mixtures with other curable diepoxide or polyepoxide compounds. As such, there may for example be mentioned: polyglycidyl ethers or poly-(fimethylglycidyl) ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, 2,2bis-(4'-hydroxycyclohexyl )-propane or l,3-di- 2-hydroxy-n-propyl )-5,S-dimethylhydantoin; polyglycidyl ethers orpoly-(,B-methylglycidyl) ethers of polyhydric phenols, such as 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphcnyl)-propane diomethane), 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxy- 3,5'-dibromophenyl)-propane. bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- sulphone, l,l,2,2-tetrakis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane or condensation products, manufactured in an acid medium, of formaldehyde with phenols, such as phenol novolacs or cresol novo lacs; polyglycidyl esters or poly- (B-methylglyeidyl) esters of polycarboxylic acids, such as for example phthalic acid diglycidyl ester, isophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester or hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, triglycidyl isocyanurate, N,N'-diglycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin, l-glycidyl-3-(2- glycidyloxypropyl)-5,S-dimethylhydantoin, aminopolyepoxides such as are obtained by dehydrohalogenation of the reaction products of epihalogenohydrin and primary or secondary amines, such as aniline or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane; further, alicyclic compounds containing several epoxide groups, such as vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, dicyclopentadiene diepoxide, ethylene glycol-bis-(3,4- epoxytetrahydrodicyclopentadien-8-yl) ether, (3,4- epoxycyclohexylmethyl)-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, (3,4-cpoxy-6'-methylcyelohexylmethyl)- 3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, bis-(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether or epoxycyclohexyl)-2,4-dioxaspiro-(5,5)-9,l0- epoxyundecane.

If desired, known reactive diluents, such as, for example, styrene oxide, butyl glycidyl ether, isooctyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, or glycidyl esters of sny thetic, highly branched, mainly tertiary aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (CARDURA E") can be used conjointly.

A further subject of the present invention are therefore curable mixtures which are suitable for the manufacture of shaped articles, including two-dimensional structures, and which contain the diepoxides according to the invention, optionally together with other diepoxides or polyepoxides and also curing agents for epoxide resins,-such as, especially, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.

The diepoxides according to the invention, or their mixtures with other polyepoxidesfand/or curing agents can furthermore be mixed, in any stage before curing, with customary modifiers, such as extenders, fillers and reinforcing agents, pigments, dyestuffs, organic solvents, plasticisers, flow control agents, agents for conferring thixotropy, flameproofingisubstances or mould release agents.

and

As extenders, reinforcing agents, fillers and pigments which can be employed in the curable mixtures according to the invention, there may for example be mentioned: coal-tar, bitumen, textile fibres, glass fibres, asbestos fibres, boron fibres, carbon fibres, cellulose, polyethylene powder and polypropylene powder; quartz powder, mineral silicates, such as mica, asbestos powder or slate powder; kaolin, aluminium oxide trihydrate, chalk powder, gypsum, antimony trioxide, bentones, silica aerogel (AEROSlL"), lithopones, baryte, titanium dioxide, carbon black, graphite, oxide pigments, such as iron oxide, or metal powders, such as aluminium powder or iron powder.

Suitable organic solvents, for modifying the curable mixtures are. for example, toluene, xylene, n-propanol. butyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diacetonealcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, monoethyl ether and monobutyl ether. As plasticisers for modifying the curable mixtures it is, for example, possible to employ dibutyl, dioctyl and dinonyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate and polypropylene glycols.

As flow control agents when employing the curable mixtures, especially in surface protection, it is possible to add, for example, silicones, cellulose acetobutyrate, polyvinyl butyral, waxes, stearates and the like (which are in part also used as mould release agents).

Especially for use in the lacquer field. the diepoxides can further be partially esterified in a known manner with carboxylic acids, such as especially higher unsaturated fatty acids. It is furthermore possible to add other curable synthetic resins, for example phenoplasts or aminoplasts, to such lacquer formulations.

The curable mixtures according to the invention can be manufactured in the customary manner, with the aid of known mixing equipment (stirrers, kneaders, rolls and the like).

The curable epoxide resin mixtures according to the invention are above all employed in the fields of surface protection, the electrical industry, laminating processes and the building industry. They can be used in a formulation adapted in each case to the particular end use, in the unfilled or filled state, optionally in the form of solutions or emulsions, as paints, lacquers, compression moulding compositions, sintering powders, dipping resins, casting resins, injection moulding formulations, impregnating resins and binders, adhesives, tool resins, laminating resins, sealing and filling compositions, floor covering compositions and binders for mineral aggregates.

1n the examples which follow, parts denote parts by weight and percentages denote percentages by weight, unless otherwise stated. The relationship of parts by volume to parts by weight is as of the millilitre to the gram.

To determine the mechanical and electrical properties of the shaped articles obtainable from the-curable mixtures described in the examples which" follow,

sheets of size 92 X 41 X 12 mm were manufactured for determining the flexural strength, deflection, impact strength and water absorption. The test specimens (60 X 10 X 4 mm) for determining the water absorption and for the flexural test and impact test (VSM 77,103 and 77,105 respectively) were machined from the sheets.

To determine the heat distortion point according to Martens (DIN 53,458), test specimens of sizes X 15 X 10 mm were cast in each case.

Sheets of sizes 120 X 120 X 4 mm were cast for determining the arcing resistance and tracking resistance (VDE 0303). The 1% value of tgvS is the temperature at which the dielectric loss factor tg8 exceeds a value of] X 10".

Manufacture of the starting substances (Olefinically unsaturated diacetals and diketals).

EXAMPLE A Manufacture of the diacetal from A -cyclohexenel ,l-dimethanol and glutarodialdehyde water have separated and the temperature of the batch rises to 88C. After 2V2 hours, the bath temperature is raised to about C, and in doing so the temperature of the batch gradually rises to 106- 107C. After a total of 4 hours, the separation of water is complete, 263 ml being separated (theory 272 ml). The reaction product is filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 80 100C. A tough, viscous product is obtained in quantitative yield. The diaetal can be purified by fractional distillation in vacuo. THe following fractions areobtained from 699.9 g of the crude product:

Fraction 1: boiling point 0.6 0.2: 20- C: first runnings, amount: 28.1 g

Fraction 2: boiling point 0.35 l83 188C: pure diacetal: 619.8 g

Fraction 3: residue: 43.5 g.

The yield of pure material is thus 619.8 g; this corresponds to 89.0% of theory. The pure diacetal is a colourless, viscous liquid, which crystallises completely. The melting point is 52 58C. Elementary analysis shows 72.1%C (and 9.2% H) (theory: 72.38% C and 9.26% H).

The infrared spectrum shows, through the absence of OH frequencies at 3,450 cm and through the absence of the carbonyl vibrations at 1,730 cm, that the reaction has taken place as desired. Instead, the very intense COC frequencies of the acetalgroups can be detected at about 1,120 cm, and the C=C absorption is found at approx. 1,650 cm".

The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc HMNR, recorded in CDCl at 35C, with tetramethylsilane as the internal standard) indicates the presence of 32 protons (theory 32).

Additionally, the following structural elements are found:

8 protons: 6 3. 98 (quartet with fine structure): 2 x

6 5.23 (multiple'b):

cg -o .18 protons: s l. 1 2, '5 (inultiplet) remaining methylene Accordingly, the new diacetal has the following structure:

EXAMPLE B Manufacture of the diketal from A"-cyclohexene-1 ,l-dimethanol and 1,4-cyclohexanedione.

113.6 g of N-cyclohexene-l ,l-dimethanol (0.8 mol), 44.7 g of 1,4-cyclohexanedione (0.4 mol), 150 ml of benzene and 0.3 g of p-toluenesulphonic acid are mixed, and this mixture is heated, whilst stirring, until the azeotropic circulatory distillation, as described in Example l,c0mmences. 13 ml of water haveseparated after only minutes (90.3% of theory). To complete the reaction, circulatory distillation is allowed to continue for a further 2 hours, whilst stirring. 1n the course thereof, a crystalline precipitate forms. The batch is cooled to 20C and the crystals formed are filtered off.

9 After drying at 60C under 15 mm Hg, 129.5 g of the 5 5. 65 (singlet) y Y 4 protons: I

.6 3.60 (single-is): 8 protons:

5 1, 2.25 (multiplet):

protons.

EXAMPLE C Manufacture of the diacetal from A -cyclohexene-l,l-dimethanol and glyoxal.

A mixture of 213 g of A -cyclohexene-l,1- dimethanol (1.5 mols), 117.5 g of 37% strength aqueous glyoxal solution (0.75 mol), ml of benzene and 5.5 g of p-toluenesulphonic acid is heated to 78-104C, whilst stirring. In doing so an azeotropic circulatory distillation commences, as described in Example A. After 75 minutes, ml of water have separated; after a total of minutes, 94 ml of water have separated (92.7% of theory), and the reaction is stopped. The hot reaction mixture is filtered, 200 ml of benzene are added and the whole is cooled. 105.8 g of light ochre-coloured crystals are obtained. The mother liquor is concentrated and a further 108.5 g of a light brown crystallising mass are obtained. Total yield: 214.3 g (94% of theory).

The diacetal can be purified by recrystallisation from methanol, ethanol or acetone. From acetone, crystals of melting point.l38.4l40C are obtained.

IR and NMR spectra show the-presence ofthe following structure:

CH 0 0 CH H CH x C C E & x-0''c2 2O methylene protons of the cycloaliphatic rings.

284 g of A-chclohexene-1,l-dimethanol (2.0 mols),

141.0 g of 95% strength terephthalaldehyde (1.0 mol) and 425 ml of benzene, together with 0.75 g of p-toluenesulphonic acid, are subjected to an azeotropic cir- Found: Calculated:

75.57: C 75.47: C 7.97: H 7.9% H

Furthermore, the proton-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc H-NMR. recorded in CDCl at 35C, with tetramethylsilane as the internal standard) shows, through the presence of the following signals, that the diacetal culatory distillation at 7583C, whilst stirring. After has the structure given below:

12 protons:

6 1.3 2,4 (multiplet):

math lane protons-s of tne cyclohexeae rings 8 protons: 6 3., 5O (quartet) H 2 protons: 6 5.42 (singlet) 2 x Tqmfic C 861.031

4 r0 tons: 6 6

i/ p 5. 5.7 (mulbllLlt. h) 2 x C 0 2 H H 4 protons: 6 7. 5O (singlet) H H rotons (theory 3 Protons) a H H H- CH 0 I/ H CH 0 H 2 O'CH .H H

H H H H H H H I EXAMPLEE 60 minutes, 33 ml of water can be separated off, and after 225 minutes 36 ml of water have separated 100% of theory). The reaction mixture is cooled to room ternperature, and in doing so the product crystallises out. It is filtered off and dried to constant weight at C under 50 mm Hg. 352.4 g of a pale yellow-coloured crystalline product (92.4% of theory) are obtained, the melting point of this crude product being 189-193C. It is purified by recrystallisation from 2 litres of dioxane. 312.3 g of colourless crystals, melting at 197.5199C, are obtained.

The infrared spectrum shows, through the absence of OH and C=O frequencies, and through the presence of absorptions for CO-C, that the desired substance has been produced.

Elementary analysis shows the following:

Manufacture of the diacetal from cyclohexene-l ,ldimethanol and pentane2.4-dione.

A mixture of 284 g of A-cyclohexene-1.ldimethanol (2 mols), g of pentane-2.4-dione acetylacetone), 108 ml of benzene and 4.5 g of p-toluenesulphonic acid is subjected to an azeotropic circulatory distillation at l06-l 14C. as described in Example A. After 4 hours 16 ml of water are separated off, and the separation of waterthen becomes very slight. After about 20 hours, 18 ml of water are separated off (50% of theory). The reaction mixture is filtered and concentrated completely, .whereby a brown liquid is obtained. The desired product is separated off by distillation. i

EXAMPLE F A mixture of 6-methyl-A -cyclohexene-l ,1- dimcthanol (2.0 mols), 200 g of 50% strength aqueous glutaraldehyde and l 12 ml of benzene is subjected to an azeotropic circulatory distillation, whilst stirring, in

4 protons:

2 protons:

8 protons: 6 3.3-4.1

6 protons: 6 0.76

16 protons in multiplts between 6 1.45 and 3.

accordance with Example A); in doing so, the temperature of the heating bath is 134C, and the temperature of the reaction mixture rises from 76 to 86C. 80 ml of water are removed from this circuit over the course of 120 minutes, and separated off. The residue is then cooled to 75C, 1.4 ml of 4 N sulphuric acid are added and distillation is carried out over the course of a further 300 minutes at l34144C bath temperature, with the reaction temperature rising from 86 to 105C; during this time, a further 54 ml of water are separated off under the conditions indicated. In total, 134 ml of water are thus separated (98.5% of theory). The batch is cooled to 30C, diluted with ml of benzene, and filtered. The filtrate. is extracted four times by shaking with 100 ml portions of water. and is vconcentrated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. 422 g of a darkcoloured crude product are obtained. This is purified by distillation. 422 g of crude material yields the following fractions:

Fraction I: boiling point 0.08 ='90140C: 10.2 g (2.4% of the amount taken) Fraction ll: boiling point 0.03 l82C: 354.5 g (84.2% of the amount taken) Residue: 47.3 g (l 1.2% of the amount taken).

Thus, 354.5 g of the desired product are obtained,

(corresponding to 94.5% of theory, relative to dialdehyde employed).

Elementary analysis shows:

Found Calculated:

73.4% c 73.4% c 9.4% H 9.6% H

The infraredspectrum (capillary recording) shows, through the absence of COI-l and C=O absorptions and through the presence of the CO-C frequencies at approx. 1,100 cm", that the desired product has been produced. Equally, the protonmagnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc H-NMR, in CDCl is in agreement with the structure given below:

a a multiple'b: 2 x 0=0 0.. l multiplet: 2 x 13-0 multipleb: 2 x 0-01;I -O

quartet: 2 x 1; 01- 5 l remaining Protons Accordingly, the new substance has the following structure:

0 H H O cu -cit -cn o cu cu,

l :EXAMPLE A mixture of 308 g' 'of '2 ,5 -en domethylene'-A- cyclohexene-l,l-dimethanol (2.Q mols) and 200 g of 50% strengthaqueous glut'araldehyde 1.0 mol) isacetalised analogously to Example F), with the aid of'l 12 m1 of benzene for forr'ning' an azeotrope. The procedure followed as is described under F); after separating off 80 ml of water, 1-.4 ml of 4 N aqueous sulphuric acid are again added as the catalyst. The further reaction is carried out analogously to Example F). On cooling. the desired substance crystallises out. 800 ml of benzene are added, the crystals are.dissolved, and the benzene solution is eluted as described in Example F). Working up also takes place in accordance with Example F). A pale yellow crystal powder is obtained in theoretical yield. It can be purified by crystallisation from ethanol. The reaction product melts at l l5-l 17C. Elementary analysis shows: 74.4% C and 8.6% H (calculated, 74.2% C and 8.6% H).

The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc H-NMR, in CDCI against TMS) shows, through the presence of the following signals and their integrations (allocation by trial). that the structure given below is correct 4 protons: 6.056.20:

2 protons: 4.3 -4.40:

8 protons: 3. 40-4110: multiplet:

l6 protons:

Manufacture of the diepoxides.

EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 104.4 g of the crude diacetal manufactured according to Example A (0.3 mol), 62 g of benmultiplet multiplet:

A protons: 2.75-5.21 doublet; with 0.5-2.5 in multiplets:

lO drogen peroxide in the batch has fallen to 0.75 percent by weight (iodometric titration). The batch is cooled to room temperature. and 400 ml of water are stirred in. This solution is twice extracted with 350 ml portions of chloroform; the chloroform phase is twice extracted by shaking with 300 ml portions of water. Thereafter, the

organic phase is concentrated to one-quarter of its volume on a rotary evaporator, at 60C, under a slight vacuum. 200 ml of low-boiling petroleum etherare added and the whole is cooled to 5C. The residual benzamide 20 which precipitates is filtered off and the solution is completely concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 6070C.'The resin is then dried to constant weight, at 60C under 0.1 mm Hg. 98.7 g (86.6% of theory) of a clear, pale yellow viscous resin, which gradually crystallises, are obtained. The epoxide content is 4.02

fine structure remaining protons equivalents per kg (76.5% of theory). The infrared spectrum shows, through the absence of the C=C fre- 55 quency at 1.650 cm and through the presence of the absorptions of the oxirane ring, that the product mainly consists of the desired diepoxide of the formula a H o e on 3 g 0 ca o o 2 cH cH -crr 0 on zonitrile (0.606 mol), 42 0 ml of methanol and 12 ml of (.5 EX 2 0.] M Na HPO solution is stirred at 50C. g of strength aqueous hydrogen peroxide are then added and a pH of 9.5, determined by means of a glasselec- A mixture of 313 g of the distilled diacetal manufactured according to Example A. g of sodium acetate and l200.mlof methylene chloride is stirred at 20C.

317 g of 60.4% strength peracetic acid solution in glacial acetic acid are then added dropwise over the course of 3 /2 hours, whilst stirring. The reaction is slightly exothermic. and the temperature of the reaction mixture rises to 28C. After the dro'pwise addition, the mixture is stirred at 2025C for a further 3 /2 hours. The iodometrically determined per-acid content of the solution is then less than 1.7 percent by weight. The reaction mixture is subsequently washed with l2 ml of l% strength aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution a thereafter with 800 ml of water. The organic layer is concentrated on a rotary evaporator and then dried at 70C/ mm Hg. Drying to constant weight is then carried out at 70C/0.l mm Hg. 335.5 g (98.1% of theory) of a colourless, clear and viscous resin are obtained. The epoxide content is 5.06 equivalents per kg (96.2% of theory). The resin crystallises completely within a short time.

The new diepoxide can be purified by recrystallisation from ether-acetone. 10 g of the crude product yield 9.7 g of pure, white crystalline product with 5.23 epoxide equivalents per kg (corresponding to 99.5% of theory). The diepoxide melts at 7786C.

The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc EXAMPLE 3 A mixture of 90 g (0.25 mol) of the diketal manufactured according to Example B, g of sodium acetate and 375 ml of chloroform is stirred at 20-23C. 88.1 g of 60.4% strength peracetic acid in glacial acetic acid (0.7 mol) are added dropwise over the course of 1 /2 hours. minutes thereafter, the reaction mixture still contains 2.45 percent by weight of per-acid. After a total of 5 hours, the per-acid content declines to below 1.1 percent by weight; the mixture is then washed with 350 ml of sodium bicarbonate solution and subsequently with 200 ml of water. The organic layer is concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 60C bath temperaturc. and is subsequently dried to constant weight at 60C/0.l mm Hg. 94.7 g of a colourless crystal mass (96.8% of theory) are obtained. The epoxide content is 4.92 equivalents/kg (corresponding to 96.6% of theory). The substance melts at between 223and 235C.

The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum proves, through the signals given below, that the structure given below applies (60 Mc H-NMR, recorded in CDCL, at C with tetramethylsilane as the internal standard). The singlet at 8 5.6 is no longer visible. Accordingly, practically all H-NMR, recorded in CDCl at 35C. with tetrame- 25 thylsilane as the internal standard), proves. through the C presence of the following signals. that the new diepox- H/ H ide corresponds to the structural formula given below. 1. no signals in the range 5.4-5.8; thus no )traces of H0 CH remain. 0

2, intense signal at 5. l7 (singlet) Ci i. CH

5. further signals:

at 6 4.4- 2 x C (slnglet) U (multiplet) 0 at s 1.0-2. 2 retraining l8 methylene protons CH O H H O CH 0 H l'l 2 3 CH 0 H H CH 0 CH 0 groups have reacted:

' O CH 8 protons: 6 3.4-6 and '5. (d0ublet) O CH 4 protons: & 3.15 (singlet) 2 x c 20 methylene protons 6 1.2-2.2 in multiplets -Continued CH 0 0 CH EXAMPLE4 A mixture of 152 g (0.5 mol) of the diacetal manufactured according to Example C, 50 g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 750 ml of methylene chloride is stirred at 1724C. 172.3 g of 61.4% strength peracetic acid (1.4 mol) are added dropwise over the course frequencies, that the product substantially has the folof 120 minutes, with slight cooling. 60 minutes thereaflowing structure:

ter, 2.5% of peracetic acid can still be detected in the mixture. After a total of 6 hours, the peracetic acid content has fallen to below 1.8%, and the mixture is worked up. It is extracted by shaking with 680 ml of 10% strength sodium bicarbonate solution and subsequently with 500 ml of water, in accordance with Example 3. The organic phase is worked up as described in Example 3. 163.7 g of a colourless crystal mass (97.2% of theory), melting at between 158 and 177C. are obtained. The epoxide content is 5.34 equivalents/kg (90.3% of theory).

The product mainly consists of the diepoxide of the formula ca o o CH CH Cl-l O H cn,, o o 0H K7 EXAMPLE 5 191 g of the diacetal manufactured according to Example D (0.5 mol), together with 50 g of anhydrous sodium acetate powder, in 796 ml of chloroform, are stirred at C. 173 g of 61.6% strength peracetic acid solution in glacial acetic acid are added dropwise over the course of 120 minutes, whilst stirring. The tempera- CH O' EXAMPLE 6 87 g of the diacetal manufactured according to Example E (0.25 mol) are epoxidised at 2023C with 86.4 g of 61.5% strength peracetic acid (0.7 mol) in 375 ml of methylene chloride in the presence of 25 g of anhydrous sodium acetate, as described in Example 5. Working up takes place in accordance with Example 4.

86.4 g of a colourless liquid of low viscosity, which solidifies after some time to give a colourless crystal mass, are obtained. The epoxide content of the substance is 4.61 equivalents/kg (87.7% of theory).

The product mainly consists of the diepoxide of the formula 75.2 g of the diacetal manufactured according to Example F (0.2 mol) in 150 ml of methylene chloride are epoxidised, at 20-24C, with 70.4 g of 54.0% strength peracetic acid (0.5 mol), in the presence of 20 g of anhydrous sodium acetate, as described in Example 5. The working up takes place in accordance with Example 4 and 81.6 g (corresponding to 100% of theory) of a clear. pale yellowish. viscous resin are obtained, having an epoxide content of 4.55 equivalents/kg (corresponding to 92.7% of theory).

The Mc HNMR spectrum (in CDCl;; at 35C, against TMS) shows, through the following signals (allocation by trial). that the new diepoxide has the structure is kept at 20C22C by slight cooling. After a total 60 ture given below:

i .l l. the 0:0 protons of product F) are absent 2. 2 protons: 6 4.3-4.5, multiplet: 2 x LI-Q-O- 3. 12 protons: 6 3.0-4.1, multiple'b:

- Continued 4. 6 protons: 6 0.80-1.10: multiplet: 2 x H204 5. 16 protons: 6 1.3-2.9:

EXAMPLE 8 149 g of the diacetal manufactured according to Ex- 30 The process is carried out at 27-30C and the reac- 35 tion time is 20 hours.

Working up takes place in accordance with Example 4, and 158.6 g (98.1% of theory) ofa colourless crystal powder of epoxide content 3.35 equivalents/kg (68% of theory) are obtained. The product substantially con- 40 sists of the diepoxide of the following formula EXAMPLES OF USES EXAMPLE I 61.8 parts of the cycloaliphatic epoxide resin manufactured according to Example 2, having an epoxide content of 5.06 equivalents per kg, are mixed at room temperature with 38.2 parts of hexahydrophthalic an- CH H hydride and 3 parts of a solution of 0.82 part of sodium metal in 100 parts of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpentane. This mixture is stirred at 120C to give a clear, transparent, colourless and homogeneous liquid. The

CH 0 (CH 0--(0H O CH multipleiz:

mixture is stirred for a further minutes at 120C and is then poured into thin-walled aluminium moulds (wall thickness approx. 0.15 mm). It is cured in accordance with the following cycle: 5 hours at 120C and hours at 150C. THe gelling time of 100 g of this mixture is about minutes at 120C.

Pale yellow, clear, transparent shaped articles are thus obtained, which have the following properties:

flexural strength (VSM 77,103) 10.22 10.51 kp/mm deflection (VSM 77,103) =4.3 5.0 mm impact strength (VSM 77.105) 12.50 16.10 emkp/cm heat distortion point according to Martens (DIN 53,458) 170 "C water absorption (4 days/20C) 0.41 breakdown voltage (instantaneous) [VDE 0303] 209 kV/cm specific resistance at C 7.5 X 10" 0.. cm

at C =2.0 X 10" 0. cm dielectric loss factor tg8 (50 c/s) at 30C =0.005

at 160C 0.003

at C 0.004 1% value of tg6 203C dielectric constant e,-

at 30C =3.4

at 200C 3.4

Comparison experiment For comparison with the diepoxides according to the invention. according to Example 2, a known cycloaliphatic epoxide resin of the formula according to French Patent Specification No. 1,268,722, Example 26, having 4.41 epoxide equivalents/kg, is cured analogously to Example 1.

To do so. a mixture of 60 parts of the abovementioned, known diepoxide, 34.5 parts of hexahydrophthalic anhydrid'e and'2.85 parts'ofasolution of 082 part of sodium metal in 100 parts of 2,4-dihydroxy-3- hydroxymethylpentane (acceleratorlisprepared and is These mixtures are homogenised in a laboratory cokneader (Messrs. BUSS, Pratteln, Switzerland: Type PR 46) at approx. 80C. The homogenised mixtures are cooled to room temperature, then coarsely ground in converted into castings as in Example I. Brown-yellow 5 a beater mill and subsequently finely ground in a castings having the following mechanical properties are pinned disc mill at high speed (approx. 10,000 rpm). Obtained: A short examination of the epoxide resin powders l a and 2 which have been obtained from the powder mixg gi g fag m 2-3 2 4 ture l and 2 shows the following property data: impact strength (VSM) 12.67 cmkp/c l Epnxide Epoxide heabttdistortion point according QC rcsin resin to artens (DIN) I53 2 water absorption (4 days/20C) 0.40 7! 1 der Kofler softeningcr ange and In comparison to the castings from the known drept g r ge 1 50-78 27 oxide according to French Patent Specification No. 5 106 1,268,722, those from the diepoxide according to the aftgr C uring a film ot'70-7S [.L 7 invention, according to Example 2, show somewhat f gggg gl ggzg 7.0 7. better flexural and impact properties, and a considera- (on a smtcred sheet after bly higher heat distortion point according to Martens. cum"! l 200 C) KA KA The properties mentioned in this example were determined as follows:

EXAMPLE ll M f t f t d Softening range and melting range anu ac ure 0 sin erin ow ers. The following adducts a re manufactured: 35 A Kpfler heatmg bench. (manufactured by Relchelt a. 410 g of a diepoxide manufactured according to .AusmahTypc 7871) havmg a surface temperature Example 2. having 4.70 epoxide equivalents/kg (corref l f p approx 50 C to approx sponding to 0 96 mol) are fused and stirred at 120C was l g spmgkled by z of a g Sleve witht e pow er to e tested. ter minute,t epow- 1 33: seblclc i g% i are added m portions der which had not stuck by sintering was wiped off with fg ig ggig g g zz p is the 3 21 q a brush. The lowest temperature point at which the first lents/kg The reaction mixture is stirred for a further Powdei particles admired was determined aS-tile Sofie-nh ur at l33-l38C in the course ofwhich thee oxide mg point (or Softening range)' The transition point 0 94 l k Th 1 p I from the matt-looking powder which had stuck by sinf ec to equwa ems/ e C tering to the fused, glossy, droplike material was deteryellowish melt is then poured out onto metal sheetsnn mined as the melting point (or melting range) order to cool. After cooling, a glassy-brittle, easily grindable, clear. solid resin, having an epoxide content gelling time of .172 epoxide equivalents/kg (corresponding to A 90.5% of theory) is obtained in quantitative yield. The 40 A electrical heatmg plate (manufactured by Eleknew, solid epoxide resin has a Kofler softening point of tmphyslki Cologne) was thermostatically controllefd 70 to :1 .5C. About 0.3 g of the powder to be tested was b. Analogously to Example lla), 300.8 g of adipic placed on the heating plate, and a stopwatch was acid (-2.06 mols) are added in portions over the course Started slfnulmneouslyg l f "P" of 25 minutes to a melt of 1712 g of the diepoxide man 4g formly lglmted by e ufactured according to Example 2, having 4.83 epoxide creased, defecmbly as Curmg pmgrese THe spam 3 equivalents/kg (corresponding to 1 2 mols) at 120C was per odically lifted and thread-pulling was observed. Thereafter the mixture is stirred for a further 20 min= The P time at l l ad-pullmg suddenly meg at 14000 A Sample taken from the batch the, stops H because ofcrosslmkmgand the materialbe- Shows an epoxide Content of 21 equivalents/kg The comes a coherent layer, was determined as the gelling melt is worked up as described in Example a). The hard, brittle. clear adduct obtained in quantitative yield V then contains 1.93 equivalents/kg (corresponding to Er'chsen extenslbmty (DIN 53l56) 9 Of them The e poxi e fCS fl a 21 K0061 The known lac uer test for the extensibility ofa film,

3 r q softening point of 75C. 55 according to Erichsen, was also employed for the pow- The following powder mixtures are manufactured der coatings. iron sheets X X 0.8 mm) WhlCh from the two adducts (a) and (b): had been thoroughly degreased with trichloroethylene Powder Powder mixture 1 mixture 2 Adduct a) 300.0 parts by parts by weight weight Adduct b) 000 I! tertiary amine as an accelerator 3.0 3,0 titanium dioxide 75.0 75.0 polyvinyl acetal as a film.- forming agent Mowital B 30 H 3.0 3.0 sehacic acid I 52.1 60.6

3 ,879,422 25 26 were uniformly coated at room temperature, by means group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, R and R" of an electrostatic powder spraying instrument, with each represents hydrogen, 1 and XI each p sents the powder to be tested (particle S 26 l h 100 y hydrogen or together form a divalent dimethylene resi- The electrostatic adhering powder was hereafterstoved due n Z, represents a member selected fr h in a circulating air oven to give a thin film. After condigroup consisting of a dimethylene residue when X and tioning the coatings at C and 65% relative humidity, X are a dimethylene residue and phenylene.

the Erichscn values were determined as the maximum 2. A diepoxide as claimed in claim 1 which is depth of indentation (up to tear formation) in millimetres. O

0 CH 0 H I CH We claim: 0 O l. A diepoxide of the formula 0 0 $II R" CH cn -o x x 0 CH 2 (,h 1 R 2 f c c HC 0 i i z Z \0 CH I Po CH 3 1 R'CH I-IC CH LI I I l R I I wherein R represents a member selected from the A diepoxide as claimed in Claim 1 which is CH-O n n 2' 2 m C O C H 0 

1. A DIEPOXIDE OF THE FORMULA
 1. A diepoxide of the formula
 2. A diepoxide as claimed in claim 1 which is 